1 Samuel 20:18

Authorized King James Version

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Then Jonathan said to David, To morrow is the new moon: and thou shalt be missed, because thy seat will be empty.

Original Language Analysis

וַיֹּֽאמֶר said H559
וַיֹּֽאמֶר said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 9
to say (used with great latitude)
ל֥וֹ H0
ל֥וֹ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 2 of 9
יְהֽוֹנָתָ֖ן Then Jonathan H3083
יְהֽוֹנָתָ֖ן Then Jonathan
Strong's: H3083
Word #: 3 of 9
jehonathan, the name of four israelites
מָחָ֣ר To morrow H4279
מָחָ֣ר To morrow
Strong's: H4279
Word #: 4 of 9
properly, deferred, i.e., the morrow; usually (adverbially) tomorrow; indefinitely, hereafter
חֹ֑דֶשׁ is the new moon H2320
חֹ֑דֶשׁ is the new moon
Strong's: H2320
Word #: 5 of 9
the new moon; by implication, a month
יִפָּקֵ֖ד and thou shalt be missed H6485
יִפָּקֵ֖ד and thou shalt be missed
Strong's: H6485
Word #: 6 of 9
to visit (with friendly or hostile intent); by analogy, to oversee, muster, charge, care for, miss, deposit, etc
כִּ֥י H3588
כִּ֥י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 7 of 9
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
יִפָּקֵ֖ד and thou shalt be missed H6485
יִפָּקֵ֖ד and thou shalt be missed
Strong's: H6485
Word #: 8 of 9
to visit (with friendly or hostile intent); by analogy, to oversee, muster, charge, care for, miss, deposit, etc
מֽוֹשָׁבֶֽךָ׃ because thy seat H4186
מֽוֹשָׁבֶֽךָ׃ because thy seat
Strong's: H4186
Word #: 9 of 9
a seat; figuratively, a site; abstractly, a session; by extension an abode (the place or the time); by implication, population

Analysis & Commentary

Then Jonathan said to David, To morrow is the new moon: and thou shalt be missed, because thy seat will be empty.

Jonathan's statement 'thy seat will be empty' acknowledges David's established position at the royal table. The empty seat would force Saul to notice David's absence and reveal his response. The phrase 'thou shalt be missed' (paqad, to visit/attend to) indicates both David's importance and the test's mechanism. Sometimes absence speaks more clearly than presence. David's empty seat would provoke Saul to reveal what he concealed when David was present.

Historical Context

Fixed seating arrangements at royal feasts reflected status and favor. David's assigned seat indicated his honored position in the court. Absence from required royal functions demanded explanation and drew attention.

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